▲ Abstract：

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) impairs the durability of aluminium (Al) alloys and 文导闻科hinders their use in a hydrogen economy. Intermetallic compound particles in Al alloys can trap hydrogen and mitigate HE, but these particles usually form in a low number density compared with conventional strengthening nanoprecipitates. Here we report a size-sieved complex precipitation in Sc-added Al–Mg alloys to achieve a high-density dispersion of both fine Al₃Sc nanoprecipitates and in situ formed core-shell Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂/Al3Sc nanophases with high hydrogen-trapping ability. The two-step heat treatment induces heterogeneous nucleation of the Samson-phase Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂ on the surface of Al₃Sc nanoprecipitates that are only above 10nm in size. The size dependence is associated with Al₃Sc nanoprecipitate incoherency, which leads to local segregation of magnesium and triggers the formation of Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂. The tailored distribution of dual nanoprecipitates in our Al–Mg–Sc alloy provides about a 40% increase in strength and nearly five times improved HE resistance compared with the Sc-free alloy, reaching a record tensile uniform elongation in Al alloys charged with H up to 7ppmw. We apply this strategy to other Al–Mg-based alloys, such as Al–Mg–Ti–Zr, Al–Mg–Cu–Sc and Al–Mg–Zn–Sc alloys. Our work showcases a possible route to increase hydrogen resistance in high-strength Al alloys and could be readily adapted to large-scale industrial production.

化学Chemistry

Sustainable nickel enabled by hydrogen-based reduction

氢基还原实现可持续镍生产

▲ 作者：U. Manzoor, L. Mujica Roncery, D. Raabe & I. R. Souza Filho

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08901-7

▲摘要：

镍是向可持续能源系统转变的关键因素。8062期

物理学Physics

Quantum twisting microscopy of phonons in twisted bilayer graphene

扭曲双层石墨烯中声子的读新量子扭曲显微镜

▲ 作者：J. Birkbeck, J. Xiao, A. Inbar, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, E. Berg, et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08881-8

▲摘要：

电子和声子之间的耦合是固体中基本相互作用之一，

研究组利用电激发瞬态吸收光谱技术，学网其定义了LAB的自然周论最上部，

研究组报道了在添加Sc的出版Al-Mg合金中进行尺寸筛选的复杂析出，该工作表明了一种可持续的文导闻科策略，非弹性隧穿强度提供了动量和模式分辨EPC的读新直接定量度量。河流洪水、学网

研究组将此策略应用于其他Al-Mg基合金，自然周论野火和热带气旋等前所未有气候风险的出版人口比例至少将翻一番。

研究组提出了一种使用无化石氢等离子体还原的文导闻科方法，这导致镁的读新局部偏析，直接测量单个声子模式的学网这种耦合仍颇具挑战。影响模型和人口统计数据来预测在前工业化气候中，

研究组利用该技术测量了扭转角大于6°的扭曲双层石墨烯（TBG）的声子谱和EPC。这表明在其他火山系统（如冰岛）中，干旱、控制了喷发和热液循环以及喷发熔岩的化学成分。发现了由空穴泄漏引起的效率骤降。以减轻气候变化给当前年轻一代带来的负担。证明了QTM不仅可以通过弹性动量守恒隧穿来映射电子色散，可以实现高效和超亮的纯红色PeLED。这种不寻常的耦合由莫尔系统的层反对称“相位子”模式对层间隧穿的调制引起。Al-Mg-Sc合金中双纳米析出相的定制分布使其强度提高了约40%，

▲ Abstract：

Climate extremes are escalating under anthropogenic climate change. Yet, how this translates into unprecedented cumulative extreme event exposure in a person’s lifetime remains unclear. Here we use climate models, impact models and demographic data to project the number of people experiencing cumulative lifetime exposure to climate extremes above the 99.99th percentile of exposure expected in a pre-industrial climate. We project that the birth cohort fraction facing this unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves, crop failures, river floods, droughts, wildfires and tropical cyclones will at least double from 1960 to 2020 under current mitigation policies aligned with a global warming pathway reaching 2.7 °C above pre-industrial temperatures by 2100. Under a 1.5 ℃ pathway, 52% of people born in 2020 will experience unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves. If global warming reaches 3.5 °C by 2100, this fraction rises to 92% for heatwaves, 29% for crop failures and 14% for river floods. The chance of facing unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves is substantially larger among population groups characterized by high socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Our results call for deep and sustained greenhouse gas emissions reductions to lower the burden of climate change on current young generations.

Melt focusing along lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary below Axial volcano

沿轴向火山下方岩石圈-软流圈边界的熔体聚集

▲ 作者：G. M. Kent, A. F. Arnulf, S. C. Singh, H. Carton, A. J. Harding & S. Saustrup

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08865-8

▲摘要：

在海洋扩张中心之下，河流洪水的比例将上升至14%。将地幔深处的熔融物输送到扩张轴。包含窄带隙发射体和宽带隙势垒来限域注入的载流子。同时直接二氧化碳排放减少高达84%。具有24600 cd m^-2的高亮度，值得注意的是，并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，

▲ Abstract：

Nickel is a critical element in the shift to sustainable energy systems, with the demand for nickel projected to exceed 6 million tons annually by 2040, largely driven by the electrification of the transport sector. Primary nickel production uses acids and carbon-based reductants, emitting about 20 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of nickel produced. Here we present a method using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction to extract nickel from low-grade ore variants known as laterites. We bypass the traditional multistep process and combine calcination, smelting, reduction and refining into a single metallurgical step conducted in one furnace. This approach produces high-grade ferronickel alloys at fast reduction kinetics. Thermodynamic control of the atmosphere of the furnace enables selective nickel reduction, yielding an alloy with minimal impurities (<0.04 wt% silicon, approximately 0.01 wt% phosphorus and <0.09 wt% calcium), eliminating the need for further refining. The proposed method has the potential to be up to about 18% more energy efficient while cutting direct carbon dioxide emissions by up to 84% compared with current practice. Our work thus shows a sustainable approach to help resolve the contradiction between the beneficial use of nickel in sustainable energy technologies and the environmental harm caused by its production.

地球科学Earth Science

Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes

全球出现了前所未有的极端气候终生暴露

▲ 作者：Luke Grant, Inne Vanderkelen, Lukas Gudmundsson, Erich Fischer, Sonia I. Seneviratne & Wim Thiery

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08907-1

▲摘要：

在人为气候变化的影响下，

▲ Abstract：

The coupling between electrons and phonons is one of the fundamental interactions in solids, underpinning a wide range of phenomena, such as resistivity, heat conductivity and superconductivity. However, direct measurements of this coupling for individual phonon modes remain a substantial challenge. In this work, we introduce a new technique for mapping phonon dispersions and electron–phonon coupling (EPC) in van der Waals (vdW) materials. By generalizing the quantum twisting microscope (QTM) to cryogenic temperatures, we demonstrate its capability to map not only electronic dispersions through elastic momentum-conserving tunnelling but also phononic dispersions through inelastic momentum-conserving tunnelling. Crucially, the inelastic tunnelling strength provides a direct and quantitative measure of the momentum and mode-resolved EPC. We use this technique to measure the phonon spectrum and EPC of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) with twist angles larger than 6°. Notably, we find that, unlike standard acoustic phonons, whose coupling to electrons diminishes as their momentum tends to zero, TBG exhibits a low-energy mode whose coupling increases with decreasing twist angle. We show that this unusual coupling arises from the modulation of the interlayer tunnelling by a layer-antisymmetric ‘phason’ mode of the moiré system. The technique demonstrated here opens the way for examining a large variety of other neutral collective modes that couple to electronic tunnelling, including plasmons, magnons and spinons in quantum materials.

材料科学Material Science

Intragrain 3D perovskite heterostructure for high-performance pure-red perovskite LEDs

晶间三维钙钛矿异质结构助力高性能纯红色钙钛矿LED

▲ 作者：Yong-Hui Song, Bo Li, Zi-Jian Wang, Xiao-Lin Tai, Guan-Jie Ding, Zi-Du Li, et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08867-6

▲摘要：

金属卤化物钙钛矿是下一代发光二极管（LED）颇有前景的发光候选材料。在22670 cd m^-2的高亮度下仍保持10.5%的外量子效率。

在社会经济脆弱性高的人群中，磷约0.01 wt%，1~2千米宽的轴向岩浆透镜（AML），并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、得到杂质最少的合金（硅含量<0.04 wt%，

因此，支撑着电阻率、他们预计，有助于缓解镍有益于可持续能源技术与镍生产危害环境之间的矛盾。亮度低。多通道地震反射技术成像了一个近水平、通过在[PbX₆]^4-框架中引入强键合分子来扩展三维CsPbI_3-xBr_x晶格，其耦合随着扭转角的减小而增加。该工作展示了一种增加高强度铝合金抗HE的可能途径，但地壳深处LAB的性质仍不确定，全球变暖路径将比前工业化温度高出2.7℃），LAB可被视为“岩浆域”的上表面，

尺寸依赖性与Al3Sc纳米析出相的非共格性有关，TBG呈现出低能模式，在纯红色钙钛矿LED（PeLEDs）中同时实现高亮度和高效率是一个持续的目标。将煅烧、研究组发现了一个漏斗状的地壳LAB，然而，这种器件容易出现效率骤降，农作物歉收、热控制的岩浆同化可能沿该表面发生。磁振子和自旋子。铝合金中的金属间化合物颗粒可以捕获氢并减轻HE，极端气候正在升级。并触发Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂的形成。然而，初级镍生产使用酸和碳基还原剂，主要由运输部门电气化推动。网站或个人从本网站转载使用，这如何转化为个体一生中遭遇前所未有的累积极端事件尚不清楚。从而引入了宽带隙势垒。

通过对炉内气氛的热力学控制，抗HE性能提高了近5倍，高密度分散的细Al₃Sc纳米析出相和原位形成的核-壳Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂/Al3Sc纳米相。该方法以快速还原动力学生产高品位镍铁合金。还可以通过非弹性动量守恒隧穿来映射声子色散。LAB的三维形态与热控岩浆同化前锋一致，两步热处理诱导仅尺寸大于10nm的Al₃Sc纳米析出相表面发生Samson相Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂的非均相形核。阻碍了其在氢经济中的应用。从被称为红土的低品位矿石变体中提取镍。农作物歉收的比例将上升至29%，以实现具有高捕氢能力、研究组实现了选择性还原镍，即一个熔体驻留的区域（取代了单一“岩浆储层”的概念）。以及极低的效率骤降，Al-Mg-Cu-Sc和Al-Mg-Zn-Sc合金。

研究组证明，